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A class in C++ is like a blueprint for an object. Class members are the variables and functions defined inside a class. Variables inside a class are called attributes, and functions inside a class are called methods.
class City {
// Attribute (variable)
int population;
public:
// Method (function)
void add_resident() {
population++;
}
};
A constructor is a special function in a C++ class that is called automatically when an object of the class is created. It is used to initialize objects and set up initial values.
#include "city.hpp"
class City {
std::string name;
int population;
public:
// Constructor
City(std::string new_name, int new_pop) : name(new_name), population(new_pop) {}
};
An object is an instance of a class. Think of a class as a template or a blueprint, and an object as a specific item created using that blueprint.
// Create an object of class City
City nyc("New York", 8000000);
A class in C++ is a user-defined data type that contains attributes (variables) and methods (functions) that define the properties and behaviors of the objects created from the class.
class Person {
std::string name;
int age;
public:
void set_name(std::string new_name) {
name = new_name;
}
};
C++ classes use access control keywords (public, private, and protected) to specify who can access the members of the class. 'Public' members are accessible from outside the class, while 'private' members can only be accessed from within the class itself.
class City {
int population; // private by default
public:
void add_resident() {
population++;
}
private:
bool is_capital; // Only accessible within the class
};
A destructor is a special function in a class that is called automatically when an object is destroyed. It is used to release resources that the object may have acquired during its lifetime.
class City {
std::string name;
public:
~City() {
// Code to release resources or perform cleanup
std::cout << "Destroying city: " << name << std::endl;
}
};
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